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<title>Java mouse-deer</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Java mouse-deer</span></span>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)">Java mouse-deer

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">At the <a href="Jerusalem_zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem zoo">Jerusalem zoo</a>

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<th colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><a href="Conservation_status" title="Conservation status">Conservation status</a></div>

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<td colspan="2"><div style="text-align: center"><br><a href="Data_deficient" title="Data deficient">Data Deficient</a> <small> (<a href="IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN 3.1</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class=" taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></span>

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<td>Kingdom:

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<td><a href="Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a>

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<td>Phylum:

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<td><a href="Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a>

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<td>Class:

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<td><a href="Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a>

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<td>Order:

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<td><a href="Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">Artiodactyla</a>

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<td>Family:

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<td><a href="Chevrotain" title="Chevrotain">Tragulidae</a>

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<td>Genus:

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<td><a href="Tragulus" title="Tragulus"><i>Tragulus</i></a>

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<td>Species:

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<td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>T. javanicus</b></i></div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a>

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<td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><i>Tragulus javanicus</i></span></b><br><div style="font-size: 85%;">(<a href="Pehr_Osbeck" title="Pehr Osbeck">Osbeck</a>, 1765)</div>

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<th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="Synonym_(taxonomy)" title="Synonym (taxonomy)">Synonyms</a><sup id="cite_ref-MDD_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MDD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><ul class="taxonlist"><li><i>Tragulus indicus</i> <small>Brisson, 1762

</small></li><li><i>Cervus javanicus</i> <small>(Osbeck, 1765)

</small></li><li><i>Tragulus Javensis</i> <small><a href="Peter_Simon_Pallas" title="Peter Simon Pallas">Pallas</a>, 1779

</small></li><li><i>Moschus indicus</i> <small>(<a href="Johann_Friedrich_Gmelin" title="Johann Friedrich Gmelin">Gmelin</a>, 1788)

</small></li><li><i>Moschus javanicus</i> <small>(Gmelin], 1788)

</small></li><li><i>Moschus Jasanicus</i> <small>(C. H. Smith, 1826)

</small></li><li><i>Tragulus javanicus</i> <small><a href="Theodore_Cantor" title="Theodore Cantor">Cantor</a>, 1846

</small></li><li><i>Tragulus focalinus</i> <small>G. S. Miller, 1903

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<p>The <b>Java mouse-deer</b> (<i><b>Tragulus javanicus</b></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-msw3_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-msw3-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a species of <a href="Even-toed_ungulate" class="mw-redirect" title="Even-toed ungulate">even-toed ungulate</a> in the family <a href="Tragulidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragulidae">Tragulidae</a>. When it reaches maturity it is about the size of a <a href="Rabbit" title="Rabbit">rabbit</a>, making it the smallest living <a href="Ungulate" title="Ungulate">ungulate</a>. It is found in forests in <a href="Java" title="Java">Java</a> and perhaps <a href="Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>, although sightings there have not been verified.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>This mouse-deer is depicted in <a href="Indonesian_folklore" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian folklore">Indonesian folklore</a> as <i><a href="Sang_Kancil" title="Sang Kancil">Sang Kancil</a></i>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nomenclature">Nomenclature</h2></div>

<p>The Java mouse-deer has many <a href="Common_name" title="Common name">common names</a>, including Javan chevrotain,<sup id="cite_ref-MDD_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MDD-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Javan mousdeer, or Java Mouse Deer.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h3></div>

<p>The Java mouse-deer's current scientific name is <i>Tragulus javanicus</i>, although other names for it exist, including <i>Tragulus javanica</i> (<a href="Feminine_sense" class="mw-redirect" title="Feminine sense">fem.</a>), <i>Cervus javanicus</i> (<a href="Basionym" title="Basionym">basionym</a>), and <i>Tragulus fuscatus</i> (<a href="Heterotypic_synonym" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterotypic synonym">heterotypic synonym</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-meijaard_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meijaard-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ARKive4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARKive4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The taxonomic history of the Java mouse-deer is convoluted; previously, the Java mouse-deer (<i>Tragulus javanicus</i>) was commonly thought to encompass a group of small-bodied <a href="Chevrotain" title="Chevrotain">chevrotains</a>, but after revisions it was found that this species name should only apply to mouse-deer specimens from <a href="Java" title="Java">Java</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Recent <a href="Craniometry" title="Craniometry">craniometric</a> analyses have begun to shed light on the taxonomic discrepancies. Three <a href="Species_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Species group">species groups</a> of <i>Tragulus</i> have been identified based on craniometric skull analyses and coat coloration patterns. These three species groups are <i>Tragulus javanicus</i>, <i><a href="Tragulus_napu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragulus napu">Tragulus napu</a></i>, and <i><a href="Tragulus_versicolor" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragulus versicolor">Tragulus versicolor</a></i>. Based upon these craniometric analyses, <i>Tragulus javanicus</i> was then further separated based on the organisms’ known geographic locations: <i><a href="Tragulus_williamsoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragulus williamsoni">Tragulus williamsoni</a></i> (found in northern Thailand and possibly southern China), <i><a href="Tragulus_kanchil" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragulus kanchil">Tragulus kanchil</a></i> (found in Borneo, Sumatra, the Thai–Malay Peninsula, islands within the Greater Sunda region, and continental Southeast Asia), and <i>Tragulus javanicus</i> (found in Java).<sup id="cite_ref-meijaard6_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-meijaard6-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, because of its <a href="Endemism" title="Endemism">endemism</a> to the island of Java, the Java mouse-deer is now considered a distinct species, although this fact has not significantly affected its current classification.<sup id="cite_ref-redorbit7_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redorbit7-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2></div>

<p>Mouse-deer possess triangular-shaped heads, arched <a href="Back" class="mw-redirect" title="Back">backs</a>, and rounded bodies with elevated rear ends. The thin, short legs which support the mouse-deer are about the diameter of an average <a href="Pencil" title="Pencil">pencil</a>. Unlike the <a href="Antler" title="Antler">antlered</a> true <a href="Deer" title="Deer">deer</a>, or horned <a href="Bovidae" title="Bovidae">bovids</a>, but akin to <a href="Moschus_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moschus (genus)"><i>Moschus</i> musk deer</a>, male Java mouse-deer have elongated, <a href="Tusk" title="Tusk">tusk</a>-like upper <a href="Canine_tooth" title="Canine tooth">canines</a> which protrude downward from the upper jaw along the sides of their mouth. Males use these “tusks” to defend themselves and their mates against rivals.<sup id="cite_ref-superhero8_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-superhero8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Females can be distinguished from males because they lack these prominent canines, and they are slightly smaller than the males.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Java mouse-deer can be further distinguished by their lack of upper <a href="Incisor" title="Incisor">incisors</a>, similar to bovids. The <a href="Pelage" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelage">coat coloration</a> of the Java mouse-deer is reddish-brown with a white underside, and pale white spots or vertical markings are also present on the animal's neck.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>With an average length of 45 cm (18 in) and an average height of 30 cm (12 in), the Java mouse-deer is the smallest <a href="Neontology" title="Neontology">extant</a> (living) ungulate or hoofed mammal, as well as the smallest extant even-toed ungulate.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-erythrocytes9_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erythrocytes9-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JoB_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JoB-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weight of the Java mouse-deer ranges from 1 to 2 kilograms (2.2 to 4.4 lb), with males being heavier than females. It has an average tail length of about 5 cm (2.0 in). Mouse-deer are thought to be the most primitive <a href="Ruminant" title="Ruminant">ruminants</a> based on their behaviour and the <a href="Fossil" title="Fossil">fossil</a> record, thus they are the living link between ruminants and non-ruminants.<sup id="cite_ref-animalrecs10_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animalrecs10-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JoB_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JoB-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physiology">Physiology</h3></div>

<p>The Java mouse-deer is <a href="Endotherm" title="Endotherm">endothermic</a> and <a href="Homoeothermic" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoeothermic">homoeothermic</a>, and has an average basal metabolic rate of about 4.883 <a href="Watt" title="Watt">watts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also has the smallest <a href="Red_blood_cell" title="Red blood cell">red blood cells</a> (erythrocytes) of any mammal, and about 12.8% of the cells have pits on them. The pits range in diameter from 68 to 390 <a href="Nanometre" title="Nanometre">nanometres</a>. Red blood cells with pits are unique and have not been reported before either physiologically or pathologically.<sup id="cite_ref-erythrocytes9_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-erythrocytes9-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Habitat">Habitat</h2></div>

<p><i>Tragulus javanicus</i> is usually considered to be endemic to <a href="Java" title="Java">Java</a>, Indonesia. There have been unverified reports of sightings on <a href="Bali" title="Bali">Bali</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The Java mouse-deer prefers higher elevations and <a href="Tropical_forest" title="Tropical forest">tropical forest</a> regions of Java, although it does appear at lower elevations between 400–700 metres (1,300–2,300 ft) above sea level.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adw12_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adw12-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the day, Java mouse-deer can be seen roaming in crown-gap areas with dense undergrowth of creeping bamboo, through which they make tunnels through the thick vegetation which lead to resting places and feeding areas.<sup id="cite_ref-superhero8_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-superhero8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At night, the Java mouse-deer moves to higher and drier ridge areas.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been argued that Java mouse-deer are an “edge” species, favoring areas of dense vegetation along riverbanks.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Java mouse-deer have been found to be more prevalent in logged areas than in the more mature forests, and their densities tended to decrease proportionately as the logged forests matured.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biology">Biology</h2></div>

<p>It was previously believed that Java mouse-deer were <a href="Nocturnal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nocturnal">nocturnal</a>, but more recent studies have shown that they are neither truly nocturnal nor <a href="Diurnality" title="Diurnality">diurnal</a>, instead being <a href="Crepuscular" class="mw-redirect" title="Crepuscular">crepuscular</a>, or preferring to be active during the dim light of <a href="Dawn" title="Dawn">dawn</a> and <a href="Dusk" title="Dusk">dusk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-superhero8_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-superhero8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This behavior has been observed in both wild and captive Java mouse-deer.<sup id="cite_ref-matsubayashi13_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-matsubayashi13-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecology">Ecology</h3></div>

<p>Java mouse-deer are primarily <a href="Herbivores" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbivores">herbivores</a>, although in captivity they have been observed to eat insects as well as foliage. Their diet consists primarily of that which they find on the ground in the dense vegetation they inhabit, and they prefer the plants of the faster-growing gap species over the closed forest understory species, likely due to the increased richness of secondary protective compounds which the gap species provide.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are often classified as <a href="Folivores" class="mw-redirect" title="Folivores">folivores</a>, eating primarily leaves, shrubs, shoots, buds, and fungi, in addition to fruits which have fallen from trees.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-superhero8_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-superhero8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fruits which Java mouse-deer commonly consume range from 1–5 grams (0.035–0.176 oz), while the seeds range from 0.01–0.5 g (0.00035–0.01764 oz).<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Because of the small size of the Java mouse-deer, they are vulnerable to <a href="Dog" title="Dog">dogs</a>, <a href="Crocodile" title="Crocodile">crocodiles</a>, <a href="Wild_cat" class="mw-redirect" title="Wild cat">wild cats</a> such as <a href="Panthera" title="Panthera">panthers</a>, <a href="Bird_of_prey" title="Bird of prey">birds of prey</a>, and <a href="Snake" title="Snake">snakes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-prothero14_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prothero14-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_behavior">Social behavior</h3></div>

<p>Groups of Java mouse-deer are commonly referred to as “<a href="Herd" title="Herd">herds</a>”, while females are termed “does", “hinds”, or “cows”. Males are referred to as either “bucks”, “stags”, or “bulls”; and their young are commonly called “fawns” or “asses”.<sup id="cite_ref-superhero8_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-superhero8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Java mouse-deer form <a href="Monogamy_in_animals" title="Monogamy in animals">monogamous</a> family groups, they are usually shy, solitary animals. They are also usually silent; the only noise they make is a shrill cry when they are frightened.

</p><p>The <a href="Territory_(animal)" title="Territory (animal)">territories</a> of <i>Tragulus javanicus</i> males and females have been observed to overlap considerably, yet individuals of the same sex do not share their territories.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Male Java mouse-deer are territorial, marking their territory and their mates with secretions from an intermandibular scent gland under their chin.<sup id="cite_ref-superhero8_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-superhero8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This territorial marking usually includes urinating or defecating to mark their area. To protect themselves and their mates or to defend their territory, mouse-deer slash rivals with their sharp, protruding canine “tusks.” It has also been observed that, when threatened, the Java mouse-deer will beat its hooves quickly against the ground, reaching speeds of up to 7 beats per second, creating a “drum roll” sound.<sup id="cite_ref-prothero14_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-prothero14-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When giving birth, however, females tend to establish a new home range. Female Java mouse-deer have an estimated home range of 4.3 <a href="Hectare" title="Hectare">hectares</a> (11 acres), while males inhabit, on average, 5.9 hectares (15 acres). Additionally, male Java mouse-deer, in nature, were observed to travel distances of 519 metres (1,703 ft) daily on average, while females average 574 metres (1,883 ft) daily.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Reproduction">Reproduction</h4></div>

<p>Java mouse-deer are capable of breeding at any time during the year, and this has been observed during captivity.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adw12_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adw12-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, some sources have observed that the breeding season for the Java mouse-deer in nature occurs from November to December.<sup id="cite_ref-hayssen15_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hayssen15-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, female mouse-deer have the potential to be pregnant throughout most of their adult life, and they are capable of conceiving 85–155 minutes after giving birth.<sup id="cite_ref-adw12_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adw12-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Java mouse-deer's gestation period usually lasts 4.5 months, or 144 days.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-adw12_15-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-adw12-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Typical litters consist of a single fawn, which resembles a miniature adult, although the tusk-like canines prevalent in males are not visible in the young mouse-deer.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average mass of a newborn fawn is 370 grams (13 oz), and these precocial young are capable of standing within 30 minutes after birth. Fawns are capable of eating solid food within two weeks, yet it takes around 12 weeks to completely wean the fawns.<sup id="cite_ref-superhero8_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-superhero8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On average, it takes the young, both male and female, 167 days (~5 months) to reach sexual maturity.<sup id="cite_ref-kingdon16_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kingdon16-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mouse-deer have been observed to live up to 14 years in captivity, but their lifespan in nature is still an open question.<sup id="cite_ref-eof5_4-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eof5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Diseases">Diseases</h3></div>

<p>Although research into the diseases and parasites which affect the Java mouse-deer are still nascent, bovine viral diarrhea virus (<a href="BVDV" class="mw-redirect" title="BVDV">BVDV</a> 1), a <a href="Pestivirus" title="Pestivirus">pestivirus</a> of the family <a href="Flaviviridae" title="Flaviviridae">Flaviviridae</a> has been detected in Java mouse-deer. Mouse-deer acquire this virus through fetal infection during early pregnancy. Once acquired, individuals with BVDV can gain lifelong <a href="Immune_tolerance" title="Immune tolerance">immune tolerance</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Relation_to_humans">Relation to humans</h2></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indonesian_folklore">Indonesian folklore</h3></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="Kancil_Story" class="mw-redirect" title="Kancil Story">Kancil Story</a> and <a href="Wayang_Kancil" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayang Kancil">Wayang Kancil</a></div>

<p>Historically, the mouse-deer has featured prominently in Malay and Indonesian <a href="Folklore" title="Folklore">folklore</a>, where it is considered a wise creature. This character, <i><a href="Sang_Kancil" title="Sang Kancil">Sang Kancil</a></i> (pronounced “Kahn-cheel”), is a diminutive but wise mouse-deer; despite being tiny in comparison to other animals, his cunning and intelligence allows him to prevail over his larger opponents.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conservation">Conservation</h3></div>

<p>Java mouse-deer is currently categorized as “Data Deficient” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's <a href="Red_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Red List">Red List</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This data deficiency is due to the inconclusiveness regarding the distinct separation of <i>Tragulus</i> species, in addition to the lack of information on <i>Tragulus javanicus</i>. Even comparison of past observed numbers of Java mouse-deer with those presently observed does not greatly aid researchers because of the high likelihood of inaccuracy in past observations. Although listed as “Data Deficient,” it is highly probable that a decline in the numbers of Java mouse-deer is occurring, and upon further investigation of this issue, the Red List status of <i>Tragulus javanicus</i> could easily change to “Vulnerable”.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>One of the main predators that the Java mouse-deer faces are humans. Through the <a href="Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">destruction of their habitat</a>, as well as from <a href="Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> and <a href="Trapping" title="Trapping">trapping</a> the mouse-deer for <a href="Bushmeat" title="Bushmeat">food</a>, their <a href="Pelt" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelt">pelts</a>, and as <a href="Exotic_pet" title="Exotic pet">pets</a>, humans have considerably reduced the Java mouse-deer population. Mouse-deer are particularly vulnerable to being hunted by humans at night because of their tendency to freeze when illuminated by having a <a href="Spotlighting" title="Spotlighting">spotlight</a> shone on them.<sup id="cite_ref-iucn_status_12_November_2021_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-iucn_status_12_November_2021-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Some conservation actions which have been implemented include legally protecting the species, which, although it has been in effect since 1931, makes no significant difference since hunting of Java mouse-deer still occurs. Additionally, some areas of Java which the Java mouse-deer frequents have been protected, yet enforcement of these regulations is still needed. One of the greatest conservation efforts needed is simply more information about the species: a more complete definition of its taxonomy, as well as more information on its habitat and behavior.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-animalrecs10-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-animalrecs10_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carwardine, M., & London, E. (2007). Animal records. New York: Sterling</span>

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<li id="cite_note-adw12-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adw12_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adw12_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adw12_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-adw12_15-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Strawder, N. (2000). ADW: Tragulus javanicus. ADW: Home. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Tragulus_javanicus/">http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Tragulus_javanicus/</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-matsubayashi13-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-matsubayashi13_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMatsubayashiBosiKohshima2003" class="citation journal cs1">Matsubayashi, H.; Bosi, E.; Kohshima, S. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.ums.edu.my/528/1/Activity_and_habitat_use_of_lesser_mouse-deer_%28Tragulus_javanicus%29.pdf">"Activity And Habitat Use Of Lesser Mouse-Deer (Tragulus Javanicus)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Mammalogy</i>. <b>84</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">234–</span>242. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1644%2F1545-1542%282003%29084%3C0234%3Aaahuol%3E2.0.co%3B2">10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0234:aahuol>2.0.co;2</a></span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-prothero14-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prothero14_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-prothero14_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Prothero, D. R., & Foss, S. E. (2007). The evolution of artiodactyls. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-hayssen15-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hayssen15_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayssen, V., & Tienhoven, A. v. (1993). Asdell's patterns of mammalian reproduction: a compendium of species-specific data. Ithaca: Cornell University Press</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-kingdon16-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kingdon16_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kingdon, J. (1989). East African mammals : an atlas of evolution in Africa. London: Academic Press</span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFUttenthalHoyerGrøndahlHoue2006" class="citation journal cs1">Uttenthal, A.; Hoyer, M. J.; Grøndahl, C.; Houe, H.; van Maanen, C; Rasmussen, T. B.; et al. (2006). "Vertical Transmission Of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus (BVDV) In Mousedeer (Tragulus Javanicus) And Spread To Domestic Cattle". <i>Archives of Virology</i>. <b>151</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">2377–</span>2387. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00705-006-0818-8">10.1007/s00705-006-0818-8</a>. <a href="PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16835699">16835699</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12282255">12282255</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Lesser Mouse Deer - A Tiny Superhero - pictures and facts. (n.d.). Animal pictures | Facts about mammals. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://thewebsiteofeverything.com/animals/mammals/Artiodactyla/Tragulidae/Tragulus/Tragulus-javanicus.html">http://thewebsiteofeverything.com/animals/mammals/Artiodactyla/Tragulidae/Tragulus/Tragulus-javanicus.html</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shepard, A. (2005) The Adventures of Mouse Deer: Tales of Indonesia and Malaysia. Aaron Shepard's Home Page. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.aaronshep.com/rt/RTE35.html">http://www.aaronshep.com/rt/RTE35.html</a></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tragulus_javanicus" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:Tragulus javanicus">Tragulus javanicus</a> at Wikimedia Commons

</p>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Extant_Artiodactyla_species813" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

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</style><div id="Extant_Artiodactyla_species813" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Extant <a href="Artiodactyl" title="Artiodactyl">Artiodactyla</a> species</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li>Kingdom: <a href="Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li>

<li>Phylum: <a href="Chordate" title="Chordate">Chordata</a></li>

<li>Class: <a href="Mammal" title="Mammal">Mammalia</a></li>

<li>Infraclass: <a href="Eutheria" title="Eutheria">Eutheria</a></li>

<li>Superorder: <a href="Laurasiatheria" title="Laurasiatheria">Laurasiatheria</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible uncollapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Ruminantia813" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="Ruminant" title="Ruminant">Ruminantia</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Antilocapridae" title="Antilocapridae">Antilocapridae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Antilocapra29" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">Antilocapra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pronghorn" title="Pronghorn">Pronghorn (<i>A. americana</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Giraffidae" title="Giraffidae">Giraffidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Okapi" title="Okapi">Okapia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Okapi" title="Okapi">Okapi (<i>O. johnstoni</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Giraffe" title="Giraffe">Giraffa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Northern_giraffe" title="Northern giraffe">Northern giraffe (<i>G. camelopardalis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Southern_giraffe" title="Southern giraffe">Southern giraffe (<i>G. giraffa</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Reticulated_giraffe" title="Reticulated giraffe">Reticulated giraffe (<i>G. reticulata</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Masai_giraffe" title="Masai giraffe">Masai giraffe (<i>G. tippelskirchi</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Moschidae" title="Moschidae">Moschidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Moschus25" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Musk_deer" title="Musk deer">Moschus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anhui_musk_deer" title="Anhui musk deer">Anhui musk deer (<i>M. anhuiensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Dwarf_musk_deer" title="Dwarf musk deer">Dwarf musk deer (<i>M. berezovskii</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Alpine_musk_deer" title="Alpine musk deer">Alpine musk deer (<i>M. chrysogaster</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Kashmir_musk_deer" title="Kashmir musk deer">Kashmir musk deer (<i>M. cupreus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Black_musk_deer" title="Black musk deer">Black musk deer (<i>M. fuscus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="White-bellied_musk_deer" title="White-bellied musk deer">Himalayan musk deer (<i>M. leucogaster</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Siberian_musk_deer" title="Siberian musk deer">Siberian musk deer (<i>M. moschiferus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chevrotain" title="Chevrotain">Tragulidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Water_chevrotain" title="Water chevrotain">Hyemoschus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Water_chevrotain" title="Water chevrotain">Water chevrotain (<i>H. aquaticus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Moschiola" title="Moschiola">Moschiola</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Indian_spotted_chevrotain" title="Indian spotted chevrotain">Indian spotted chevrotain (<i>M. indica</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Yellow-striped_chevrotain" title="Yellow-striped chevrotain">Yellow-striped chevrotain (<i>M. kathygre</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sri_Lankan_spotted_chevrotain" title="Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain">Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (<i>M. meminna</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Tragulus" title="Tragulus">Tragulus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul>

<li><a href="Lesser_mouse-deer" title="Lesser mouse-deer">Lesser mouse-deer (<i>T. kanchil</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Greater_mouse-deer" title="Greater mouse-deer">Greater mouse-deer (<i>T. napu</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Philippine_mouse-deer" title="Philippine mouse-deer">Philippine mouse-deer (<i>T. nigricans</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Vietnam_mouse-deer" title="Vietnam mouse-deer">Vietnam mouse-deer (<i>T. versicolor</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Williamson's_mouse-deer" title="Williamson's mouse-deer">Williamson's mouse-deer (<i>T. williamsoni</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Deer" title="Deer">Cervidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large family listed below</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large family listed below</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Cervidae813" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="nobold">Family <a href="Deer" title="Deer">Cervidae</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cervinae27" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Cervinae" title="Cervinae">Cervinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Muntjac" title="Muntjac">Muntiacus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bornean_yellow_muntjac" title="Bornean yellow muntjac">Bornean yellow muntjac (<i>M. atherodes</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Hairy-fronted_muntjac" title="Hairy-fronted muntjac">Hairy-fronted muntjac (<i>M. crinifrons</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Fea's_muntjac" title="Fea's muntjac">Fea's muntjac (<i>M. feae</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Gongshan_muntjac" title="Gongshan muntjac">Gongshan muntjac (<i>M. gongshanensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sumatran_muntjac" title="Sumatran muntjac">Sumatran muntjac (<i>M. montanus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Southern_red_muntjac" title="Southern red muntjac">Southern red muntjac (<i>M. muntjak</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Pu_Hoat_muntjac" title="Pu Hoat muntjac">Pu Hoat muntjac (<i>M. puhoatensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Leaf_muntjac" title="Leaf muntjac">Leaf muntjac (<i>M. putaoensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Reeves's_muntjac" title="Reeves's muntjac">Reeves's muntjac (<i>M. reevesi</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Roosevelt's_muntjac" title="Roosevelt's muntjac">Roosevelt's muntjac (<i>M. rooseveltorum</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Truong_Son_muntjac" title="Truong Son muntjac">Truong Son muntjac (<i>M. truongsonensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Northern_red_muntjac" title="Northern red muntjac">Northern red muntjac (<i>M. vaginalis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Giant_muntjac" title="Giant muntjac">Giant muntjac (<i>M. vuquangensis</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Tufted_deer" title="Tufted deer">Elaphodus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tufted_deer" title="Tufted deer">Tufted deer (<i>E. cephalophus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Dama_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dama (genus)">Dama</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="European_fallow_deer" title="European fallow deer">European fallow deer (<i>D. dama</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Persian_fallow_deer" title="Persian fallow deer">Persian fallow deer (<i>D. mesopotamica</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Axis_(genus)" title="Axis (genus)">Axis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chital" title="Chital">Chital (<i>A. axis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Calamian_deer" title="Calamian deer">Calamian deer (<i>A. calamianensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Bawean_deer" title="Bawean deer">Bawean deer (<i>A. kuhlii</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Indian_hog_deer" title="Indian hog deer">Hog deer (<i>A. porcinus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Rucervus" title="Rucervus">Rucervus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Barasingha" title="Barasingha">Barasingha (<i>R. duvaucelii</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Eld's_deer" title="Eld's deer">Eld's deer (<i>R. eldii</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Elaphurus" title="Elaphurus">Elaphurus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="P%C3%A8re_David's_deer" title="Père David's deer">Père David's deer (<i>E. davidianus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Rusa_(genus)" title="Rusa (genus)">Rusa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Visayan_spotted_deer" title="Visayan spotted deer">Visayan spotted deer (<i>R. alfredi</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Philippine_deer" title="Philippine deer">Philippine sambar (<i>R. mariannus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Javan_rusa" title="Javan rusa">Rusa deer (<i>R. timorensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sambar_deer" title="Sambar deer">Sambar (<i>R. unicolor</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Cervus" title="Cervus">Cervus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Thorold's_deer" title="Thorold's deer">Thorold's deer (<i>C. albirostris</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Red_deer" title="Red deer">Red deer (<i>C. elaphus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Elk" title="Elk">Elk (<i>C. canadensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_Asian_red_deer" title="Central Asian red deer">Central Asian red deer (<i>C. hanglu</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sika_deer" title="Sika deer">Sika deer (<i>C. nippon</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Capreolinae" title="Capreolinae">Capreolinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Moose" title="Moose">Alces</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Moose" title="Moose">Moose (<i>A. alces</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Water_deer" title="Water deer">Hydropotes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Water_deer" title="Water deer">Water deer (<i>H. inermis</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Capreolus" title="Capreolus">Capreolus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Roe_deer" title="Roe deer">European roe deer (<i>C. capreolus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Siberian_roe_deer" title="Siberian roe deer">Siberian roe deer (<i>C. pygargus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Reindeer" title="Reindeer">Rangifer</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Reindeer" title="Reindeer">Reindeer (<i>R. tarandus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Hippocamelus" title="Hippocamelus">Hippocamelus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Taruca" title="Taruca">Taruca (<i>H. antisensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="South_Andean_deer" title="South Andean deer">South Andean deer (<i>H. bisulcus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Brocket_deer" title="Brocket deer">Mazama</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Red_brocket" title="Red brocket">Red brocket (<i>M. americana</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Small_red_brocket" title="Small red brocket">Small red brocket (<i>M. bororo</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Merida_brocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Merida brocket">Merida brocket (<i>M. bricenii</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Dwarf_brocket" title="Dwarf brocket">Dwarf brocket (<i>M. chunyi</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Pygmy_brocket" title="Pygmy brocket">Pygmy brocket (<i>M. nana</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Amazonian_brown_brocket" title="Amazonian brown brocket">Amazonian brown brocket (<i>M. nemorivaga</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Little_red_brocket" title="Little red brocket">Little red brocket (<i>M. rufina</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_American_red_brocket" title="Central American red brocket">Central American red brocket (<i>M. temama</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Pampas_deer" title="Pampas deer">Ozotoceros</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pampas_deer" title="Pampas deer">Pampas deer (<i>O. bezoarticus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Marsh_deer" title="Marsh deer">Blastocerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Marsh_deer" title="Marsh deer">Marsh deer (<i>B. dichotomus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Pudu" title="Pudu">Pudu</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Northern_pudu" title="Northern pudu">Northern pudu (<i>P. mephistophiles</i>)</a>?</li>

<li><a href="Southern_pudu" title="Southern pudu">Southern pudu (<i>P. pudu</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Pudella" title="Pudella">Pudella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pudella_carlae" title="Pudella carlae">Peruvian Yungas pudu (<i>P. carlae</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Northern_pudu" title="Northern pudu">Northern pudu (<i>P. mephistophiles</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Odocoileus" title="Odocoileus">Odocoileus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mule_deer" title="Mule deer">Mule deer (<i>O. hemionus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Yucatan_brown_brocket" title="Yucatan brown brocket">Yucatan brown brocket (<i>O. pandora</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="White-tailed_deer" title="White-tailed deer">White-tailed deer (<i>O. virginianus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Subulo" class="mw-redirect" title="Subulo">Subulo</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gray_brocket" title="Gray brocket">Gray brocket (<i>S. gouazoubira</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae813" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="nobold">Family <a href="Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Hippotraginae" title="Hippotraginae">Hippotraginae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Hippotragus" title="Hippotragus">Hippotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Roan_antelope" title="Roan antelope">Roan antelope (<i>H. equinus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sable_antelope" title="Sable antelope">Sable antelope (<i>H. niger</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Oryx" title="Oryx">Oryx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="East_African_oryx" title="East African oryx">East African oryx (<i>O. beisa</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Scimitar_oryx" title="Scimitar oryx">Scimitar oryx (<i>O. dammah</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Gemsbok" title="Gemsbok">Gemsbok (<i>O. gazella</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Arabian_oryx" title="Arabian oryx">Arabian oryx (<i>O. leucoryx</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Addax" title="Addax">Addax</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Addax" title="Addax">Addax (<i>A. nasomaculatus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Reduncinae" title="Reduncinae">Reduncinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Kobus_(antelope)" title="Kobus (antelope)">Kobus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Waterbuck" title="Waterbuck">Waterbuck (<i>K. ellipsiprymnus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Lechwe" title="Lechwe">Lechwe (<i>K. leche</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Nile_lechwe" title="Nile lechwe">Nile lechwe (<i>K. megaceros</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Puku" title="Puku">Puku (<i>K. vardonii</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Reedbuck" title="Reedbuck">Redunca</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Southern_reedbuck" title="Southern reedbuck">Southern reedbuck (<i>R. arundinum</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mountain_reedbuck" title="Mountain reedbuck">Mountain reedbuck (<i>R. fulvorufula</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Bohor_reedbuck" title="Bohor reedbuck">Bohor reedbuck (<i>R. redunca</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Impala" title="Impala">Aepycerotinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Aepyceros24" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Impala" title="Impala">Aepyceros</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Impala" title="Impala">Impala (<i>A. melampus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Grey_rhebok" title="Grey rhebok">Peleinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pelea25" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Grey_rhebok" title="Grey rhebok">Pelea</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Grey_rhebok" title="Grey rhebok">Grey rhebok (<i>P. capreolus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Alcelaphinae" title="Alcelaphinae">Alcelaphinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Hirola" title="Hirola">Beatragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hirola" title="Hirola">Hirola (<i>B. hunteri</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Damaliscus" title="Damaliscus">Damaliscus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Damaliscus_lunatus" title="Damaliscus lunatus">Common tsessebe (<i>D. lunatus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Bontebok" title="Bontebok">Bontebok (<i>D. pygargus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Hartebeest" title="Hartebeest">Alcelaphus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hartebeest" title="Hartebeest">Hartebeest (<i>A. buselaphus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Wildebeest" title="Wildebeest">Connochaetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Black_wildebeest" title="Black wildebeest">Black wildebeest (<i>C. gnou</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Blue_wildebeest" title="Blue wildebeest">Blue wildebeest (<i>C. taurinus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tibetan_antelope" title="Tibetan antelope">Pantholopinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pantholops35" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Tibetan_antelope" title="Tibetan antelope">Pantholops</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Tibetan_antelope" title="Tibetan antelope">Tibetan antelope (<i>P. hodgsonii</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Caprinae" title="Caprinae">Caprinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large subfamily listed below</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Bovinae" title="Bovinae">Bovinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large subfamily listed below</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Antilopinae" title="Antilopinae">Antilopinae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Large subfamily listed below</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae_(subfamily_Caprinae)813" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="nobold">Family <a href="Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> (subfamily <a href="Caprinae" title="Caprinae">Caprinae</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="Barbary_sheep" title="Barbary sheep">Ammotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Barbary_sheep" title="Barbary sheep">Barbary sheep (<i>A. lervia</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="Arabian_tahr" title="Arabian tahr">Arabitragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arabian_tahr" title="Arabian tahr">Arabian tahr (<i>A. jayakari</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="Takin" title="Takin">Budorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Takin" title="Takin">Takin (<i>B. taxicolor</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="Capra_(genus)" title="Capra (genus)">Capra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wild_goat" title="Wild goat">Wild goat (<i>C. aegagrus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="West_Caucasian_tur" title="West Caucasian tur">West Caucasian tur (<i>C. caucasia</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="East_Caucasian_tur" title="East Caucasian tur">East Caucasian tur (<i>C. cylindricornis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Markhor" title="Markhor">Markhor (<i>C. falconeri</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Goat" title="Goat">Domestic goat (<i>C. hircus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Alpine_ibex" title="Alpine ibex">Alpine ibex (<i>C. ibex</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Nubian_ibex" title="Nubian ibex">Nubian ibex (<i>C. nubiana</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Iberian_ibex" title="Iberian ibex">Iberian ibex (<i>C. pyrenaica</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Siberian_ibex" title="Siberian ibex">Siberian ibex (<i>C. sibirica</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Walia_ibex" title="Walia ibex">Walia ibex (<i>C. walie</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="Serow" title="Serow">Capricornis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Japanese_serow" title="Japanese serow">Japanese serow (<i>C. crispus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Red_serow" title="Red serow">Red serow (<i>C. rubidus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mainland_serow" title="Mainland serow">Mainland serow (<i>C. sumatraensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwan_serow" title="Taiwan serow">Taiwan serow (<i>C. swinhoei</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="Tahr" title="Tahr">Hemitragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Himalayan_tahr" title="Himalayan tahr">Himalayan tahr (<i>H. jemlahicus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="Goral" title="Goral">Naemorhedus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Red_goral" title="Red goral">Red goral (<i>N. baileyi</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Long-tailed_goral" title="Long-tailed goral">Long-tailed goral (<i>N. caudatus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Himalayan_goral" title="Himalayan goral">Himalayan goral (<i>N. goral</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_goral" title="Chinese goral">Chinese goral (<i>N. griseus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="Mountain_goat" title="Mountain goat">Oreamnos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mountain_goat" title="Mountain goat">Mountain goat (<i>O. americanus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="Muskox" title="Muskox">Ovibos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Muskox" title="Muskox">Muskox (<i>O. moschatus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="Nilgiri_tahr" title="Nilgiri tahr">Nilgiritragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nilgiri_tahr" title="Nilgiri tahr">Nilgiri tahr (<i>N. hylocrius</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="Ovis" title="Ovis">Ovis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Argali" title="Argali">Argali (<i>O. ammon</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sheep" title="Sheep">Domestic sheep (<i>O. aries</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Bighorn_sheep" title="Bighorn sheep">Bighorn sheep (<i>O. canadensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Dall_sheep" title="Dall sheep">Dall sheep (<i>O. dalli</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mouflon" title="Mouflon">Mouflon (<i>O. gmelini</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Snow_sheep" title="Snow sheep">Snow sheep (<i>O. nivicola</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Urial" title="Urial">Urial (<i>O. vignei</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="Pseudois" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudois">Pseudois</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bharal" title="Bharal">Bharal (<i>P. nayaur</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em"><i><a href="Rupicapra" title="Rupicapra">Rupicapra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pyrenean_chamois" title="Pyrenean chamois">Pyrenean chamois (<i>R. pyrenaica</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Chamois" title="Chamois">Chamois (<i>R. rupicapra</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae_(subfamily_Bovinae)813" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="nobold">Family <a href="Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> (subfamily <a href="Bovinae" title="Bovinae">Bovinae</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Boselaphini" title="Boselaphini">Boselaphini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="Four-horned_antelope" title="Four-horned antelope">Tetracerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Four-horned_antelope" title="Four-horned antelope">Four-horned antelope (<i>T. quadricornis</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="Nilgai" title="Nilgai">Boselaphus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nilgai" title="Nilgai">Nilgai (<i>B. tragocamelus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Bovini" title="Bovini">Bovini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="Bubalus" title="Bubalus">Bubalus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Wild_water_buffalo" title="Wild water buffalo">Wild water buffalo (<i>B. arnee</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Water_buffalo" title="Water buffalo">Domestic water buffalo (<i>B. bubalis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Lowland_anoa" title="Lowland anoa">Lowland anoa (<i>B. depressicornis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamaraw" title="Tamaraw">Tamaraw (<i>B. mindorensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mountain_anoa" title="Mountain anoa">Mountain anoa (<i>B. quarlesi</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="Bos" title="Bos">Bos</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="American_bison" title="American bison">American bison (<i>B. bison</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="European_bison" title="European bison">European bison (<i>B. bonasus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Bali_cattle" title="Bali cattle">Bali cattle (<i>B. domesticus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Gayal" title="Gayal">Gayal (<i>B. frontalis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Gaur" title="Gaur">Gaur (<i>B. gaurus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Yak" title="Yak">Domestic yak (<i>B. grunniens</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Zebu" title="Zebu">Zebu (<i>B. indicus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Banteng" title="Banteng">Banteng (<i>B. javanicus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Wild_yak" title="Wild yak">Wild yak (<i>B. mutus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Cattle" title="Cattle">Cattle (<i>B. taurus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="Saola" title="Saola">Pseudoryx</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Saola" title="Saola">Saola (<i>P. nghetinhensis</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="African_buffalo" title="African buffalo">Syncerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="African_buffalo" title="African buffalo">African buffalo (<i>S. caffer</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Tragelaphini" title="Tragelaphini">Tragelaphini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="Tragelaphus" title="Tragelaphus">Tragelaphus</a></i><br><small><span style="color:#696969"><span class="nobold">(including <a href="Kudu" title="Kudu">kudus</a>)</span></span></small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Nyala" title="Nyala">Nyala (<i>T. angasii</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mountain_nyala" title="Mountain nyala">Mountain nyala (<i>T. buxtoni</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Bongo_(antelope)" title="Bongo (antelope)">Bongo (<i>T. eurycerus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Lesser_kudu" title="Lesser kudu">Lesser kudu (<i>T. imberbis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Harnessed_bushbuck" title="Harnessed bushbuck">Harnessed bushbuck (<i>T. scriptus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sitatunga" title="Sitatunga">Sitatunga (<i>T. spekeii</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Greater_kudu" title="Greater kudu">Greater kudu (<i>T. strepsiceros</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Cape_bushbuck" title="Cape bushbuck">Cape bushbuck (<i>T. sylvaticus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9em"><i><a href="Taurotragus" title="Taurotragus">Taurotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Giant_eland" title="Giant eland">Giant eland (<i>T. derbianus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Common_eland" title="Common eland">Common eland (<i>T. oryx</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Family_Bovidae_(subfamily_Antilopinae)813" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="nobold">Family <a href="Bovidae" title="Bovidae">Bovidae</a> (subfamily <a href="Antilopinae" title="Antilopinae">Antilopinae</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Antilopini" title="Antilopini">Antilopini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Dibatag" title="Dibatag">Ammodorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dibatag" title="Dibatag">Dibatag (<i>A. clarkei</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Springbok" title="Springbok">Antidorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Springbok" title="Springbok">Springbok (<i>A. marsupialis</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">Antilope</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Blackbuck" title="Blackbuck">Blackbuck (<i>A. cervicapra</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Eudorcas" title="Eudorcas">Eudorcas</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mongalla_gazelle" title="Mongalla gazelle">Mongalla gazelle (<i>E. albonotata</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Red-fronted_gazelle" title="Red-fronted gazelle">Red-fronted gazelle (<i>E. rufifrons</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomson's_gazelle" title="Thomson's gazelle">Thomson's gazelle (<i>E. thomsonii</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Heuglin's_gazelle" title="Heuglin's gazelle">Heuglin's gazelle (<i>E. tilonura</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Gazelle" title="Gazelle">Gazella</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Arabian_gazelle" title="Arabian gazelle">Arabian gazelle (<i>G. arabica</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinkara" title="Chinkara">Chinkara (<i>G. bennettii</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Cuvier's_gazelle" title="Cuvier's gazelle">Cuvier's gazelle (<i>G. cuvieri</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Dorcas_gazelle" title="Dorcas gazelle">Dorcas gazelle (<i>G. dorcas</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mountain_gazelle" title="Mountain gazelle">Mountain gazelle (<i>G. gazella</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Rhim_gazelle" title="Rhim gazelle">Rhim gazelle (<i>G. leptoceros</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Speke's_gazelle" title="Speke's gazelle">Speke's gazelle (<i>G. spekei</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Goitered_gazelle" title="Goitered gazelle">Goitered gazelle (<i>G. subgutturosa</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Gerenuk" title="Gerenuk">Litocranius</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gerenuk" title="Gerenuk">Gerenuk (<i>L. walleri</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Nanger" title="Nanger">Nanger</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dama_gazelle" title="Dama gazelle">Dama gazelle (<i>N. dama</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Grant's_gazelle" title="Grant's gazelle">Grant's gazelle (<i>N. granti</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Bright's_gazelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Bright's gazelle">Bright's gazelle (<i>N. notatus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter's_gazelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter's gazelle">Peter's gazelle (<i>N. petersii</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Soemmerring's_gazelle" title="Soemmerring's gazelle">Soemmerring's gazelle (<i>N. soemmerringii</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Procapra" title="Procapra">Procapra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mongolian_gazelle" title="Mongolian gazelle">Mongolian gazelle (<i>P. gutturosa</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Goa_(antelope)" title="Goa (antelope)">Goa (<i>P. picticaudata</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Przewalski's_gazelle" title="Przewalski's gazelle">Przewalski's gazelle (<i>P. przewalskii</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saigini</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Saiga28" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Saiga_antelope" title="Saiga antelope">Saiga</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Saiga_antelope" title="Saiga antelope">Saiga antelope (<i>S. tatarica</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Neotragini" title="Neotragini">Neotragini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Beira_(antelope)" title="Beira (antelope)">Dorcatragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Beira_(antelope)" title="Beira (antelope)">Beira (<i>D. megalotis</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Dik-dik" title="Dik-dik">Madoqua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="G%C3%BCnther's_dik-dik" title="Günther's dik-dik">Günther's dik-dik (<i>M. guentheri</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Kirk's_dik-dik" title="Kirk's dik-dik">Kirk's dik-dik (<i>M. kirkii</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Silver_dik-dik" title="Silver dik-dik">Silver dik-dik (<i>M. piacentinii</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Salt's_dik-dik" title="Salt's dik-dik">Salt's dik-dik (<i>M. saltiana</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Neotragus" title="Neotragus">Neotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Royal_antelope" title="Royal antelope">Royal antelope (<i>N. pygmaeus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Nesotragus" title="Nesotragus">Nesotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bates's_pygmy_antelope" title="Bates's pygmy antelope">Bates' pygmy antelope (<i>N. batesi</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Suni" title="Suni">Suni (<i>N. moschatus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Klipspringer" title="Klipspringer">Oreotragus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Klipspringer" title="Klipspringer">Klipspringer (<i>O. oreotragus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Oribi" title="Oribi">Ourebia</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Oribi" title="Oribi">Oribi (<i>O. ourebi</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Raphicerus" title="Raphicerus">Raphicerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Steenbok" title="Steenbok">Steenbok (<i>R. campestris</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Cape_grysbok" title="Cape grysbok">Cape grysbok (<i>R. melanotis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharpe's_grysbok" title="Sharpe's grysbok">Sharpe's grysbok (<i>R. sharpei</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Duiker" title="Duiker">Cephalophini</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Duiker" title="Duiker">Cephalophus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aders's_duiker" title="Aders's duiker">Aders's duiker (<i>C. adersi</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Brooke's_duiker" title="Brooke's duiker">Brooke's duiker (<i>C. brookei</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Peters's_duiker" title="Peters's duiker">Peters' duiker (<i>C. callipygus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="White-legged_duiker" title="White-legged duiker">White-legged duiker (<i>C. crusalbum</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Bay_duiker" title="Bay duiker">Bay duiker (<i>C. dorsalis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Harvey's_duiker" title="Harvey's duiker">Harvey's duiker (<i>C. harveyi</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Jentink's_duiker" title="Jentink's duiker">Jentink's duiker (<i>C. jentinki</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="White-bellied_duiker" title="White-bellied duiker">White-bellied duiker (<i>C. leucogaster</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Red_forest_duiker" title="Red forest duiker">Red forest duiker (<i>C. natalensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Black_duiker" title="Black duiker">Black duiker (<i>C. niger</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Black-fronted_duiker" title="Black-fronted duiker">Black-fronted duiker (<i>C. nigrifrons</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ogilby's_duiker" title="Ogilby's duiker">Ogilby's duiker (<i>C. ogilbyi</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ruwenzori_duiker" title="Ruwenzori duiker">Ruwenzori duiker (<i>C. rubidis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Red-flanked_duiker" title="Red-flanked duiker">Red-flanked duiker (<i>C. rufilatus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Yellow-backed_duiker" title="Yellow-backed duiker">Yellow-backed duiker (<i>C. silvicultor</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Abbott's_duiker" title="Abbott's duiker">Abbott's duiker (<i>C. spadix</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Weyns's_duiker" title="Weyns's duiker">Weyns's duiker (<i>C. weynsi</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Zebra_duiker" title="Zebra duiker">Zebra duiker (<i>C. zebra</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Duiker" title="Duiker">Philantomba</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Blue_duiker" title="Blue duiker">Blue duiker (<i>P. monticola</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Maxwell's_duiker" title="Maxwell's duiker">Maxwell's duiker (<i>P. maxwellii</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Walter's_duiker" title="Walter's duiker">Walter's duiker (<i>P. walteri</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em"><i><a href="Common_duiker" title="Common duiker">Sylvicapra</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Common_duiker" title="Common duiker">Common duiker (<i>S. grimmia</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Suina813" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="Suina" title="Suina">Suina</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Suidae" title="Suidae">Suidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="Babirusa" title="Babirusa">Babyrousa</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Buru_babirusa" title="Buru babirusa">Buru babirusa (<i>B. babyrussa</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="North_Sulawesi_babirusa" title="North Sulawesi babirusa">North Sulawesi babirusa (<i>B. celebensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Togian_babirusa" title="Togian babirusa">Togian babirusa (<i>B. togeanensis</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="Giant_forest_hog" title="Giant forest hog">Hylochoerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Giant_forest_hog" title="Giant forest hog">Giant forest hog (<i>H. meinertzhageni</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="Phacochoerus" class="mw-redirect" title="Phacochoerus">Phacochoerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Desert_warthog" title="Desert warthog">Desert warthog (<i>P. aethiopicus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Common_warthog" title="Common warthog">Common warthog (<i>P. africanus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="Pygmy_hog" title="Pygmy hog">Porcula</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pygmy_hog" title="Pygmy hog">Pygmy hog (<i>P. salvania</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="Potamochoerus" title="Potamochoerus">Potamochoerus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bushpig" title="Bushpig">Bushpig (<i>P. larvatus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Red_river_hog" title="Red river hog">Red river hog (<i>P. porcus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="Sus_(genus)" title="Sus (genus)">Sus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Palawan_bearded_pig" title="Palawan bearded pig">Palawan bearded pig (<i>S. ahoenobarbus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Bornean_bearded_pig" title="Bornean bearded pig">Bornean bearded pig (<i>S. barbatus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Visayan_warty_pig" title="Visayan warty pig">Visayan warty pig (<i>S. cebifrons</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Celebes_warty_pig" title="Celebes warty pig">Celebes warty pig (<i>S. celebensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Pig" title="Pig">Domestic pig (<i>S. domesticus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Flores_warty_pig" title="Flores warty pig">Flores warty pig (<i>S. heureni</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Oliver's_warty_pig" title="Oliver's warty pig">Oliver's warty pig (<i>S. oliveri</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Philippine_warty_pig" title="Philippine warty pig">Philippine warty pig (<i>S. philippensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Wild_boar" title="Wild boar">Wild boar (<i>S. scrofa</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Timor_warty_pig" title="Timor warty pig">Timor warty pig (<i>S. timoriensis</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Javan_warty_pig" title="Javan warty pig">Javan warty pig (<i>S. verrucosus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Peccary" title="Peccary">Tayassuidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="White-lipped_peccary" title="White-lipped peccary">Tayassu</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="White-lipped_peccary" title="White-lipped peccary">White-lipped peccary (<i>T. pecari</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="Chacoan_peccary" title="Chacoan peccary">Catagonus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chacoan_peccary" title="Chacoan peccary">Chacoan peccary (<i>C. wagneri</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:9.5em"><i><a href="Collared_peccary" title="Collared peccary">Dicotyles</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Collared_peccary" title="Collared peccary">Collared peccary (<i>D. tajacu</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Tylopoda813" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="Tylopoda" title="Tylopoda">Tylopoda</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Camelidae13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em"><a href="Camelidae" title="Camelidae">Camelidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em"><i><a href="Lama_(genus)" title="Lama (genus)">Lama</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Llama" title="Llama">Llama (<i>L. glama</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Guanaco" title="Guanaco">Guanaco (<i>L. guanicoe</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Alpaca" title="Alpaca">Alpaca (<i>L. pacos</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Vicu%C3%B1a" title="Vicuña">Vicuña (<i>L. vicugna</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em"><i><a href="Camel" title="Camel">Camelus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bactrian_camel" title="Bactrian camel">Domestic Bactrian camel (<i>C. bactrianus</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Dromedary" title="Dromedary">Dromedary/Arabian camel (<i>C. dromedarius</i>)</a></li>

<li><a href="Wild_Bactrian_camel" title="Wild Bactrian camel">Wild Bactrian camel (<i>C. ferus</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Suborder_Whippomorpha813" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Suborder <a href="Whippomorpha" title="Whippomorpha">Whippomorpha</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="Hippopotamidae" title="Hippopotamidae">Hippopotamidae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Hippopotamus_(genus)" title="Hippopotamus (genus)">Hippopotamus</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hippopotamus" title="Hippopotamus">Hippopotamus (<i>H. amphibius</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><i><a href="Pygmy_hippopotamus" title="Pygmy hippopotamus">Choeropsis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Pygmy_hippopotamus" title="Pygmy hippopotamus">Pygmy hippopotamus (<i>C. liberiensis</i>)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.5em"><a href="Cetacea" title="Cetacea">Cetacea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>see Cetacea</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers3745" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers3745" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Taxon identifiers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Tragulus javanicus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938385" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q938385">Q938385</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tragulus_javanicus" class="extiw external" title="wikispecies:Tragulus javanicus">Tragulus javanicus</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Animal_Diversity_Web" title="Animal Diversity Web">ADW</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Tragulus_javanicus/">Tragulus_javanicus</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="ARKive" title="ARKive">ARKive</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.arkive.org/wd/tragulus-javanicus/">tragulus-javanicus</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id33530">33530</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/42110">42110</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10930119">10930119</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/88125/">88125</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Paleobiology_Database" title="Paleobiology Database">Paleobiology Database</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paleobiodb.org/classic/basicTaxonInfo?taxon_no=149379">149379</a></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Xeno-canto" title="Xeno-canto">Xeno-canto</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xeno-canto.org/species/Tragulus-javanicus">Tragulus-javanicus</a></span></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Cervus javanicus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121365807" class="extiw external" title="wikidata:Q121365807">Q121365807</a></span></span></span></li>

<li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="ZooBank" title="ZooBank">ZooBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/3CE93E3C-DBAD-4A5E-B9D4-C1F35C76DEF9">3CE93E3C-DBAD-4A5E-B9D4-C1F35C76DEF9</a></span></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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